Excerpt: Telangana, India’s youngest state formed in 2014, blends rich Nizam heritage, burgeoning IT hubs, and vast rural landscapes. While Hindus form the majority, a substantial Muslim community—rooted in Hyderabad’s historic Old City and spread across urban and rural districts—contributes through trade, culture, and public service, enriching Telangana’s plural fabric.

According to the 2011 Census, Telangana’s total population is approximately 35.19 million, of which about 3.84 million are Muslims, constituting 10.91% of the state’s population^[1][2]. The Muslim population is concentrated in Hyderabad, Nizamabad, and other northern and central districts.

Telugu is the dominant language, with Urdu prominent among Muslim communities, especially in Hyderabad and Nizamabad. Urban districts show higher Muslim participation in IT, education, and services, while rural districts engage in agriculture, small trade, and local crafts.

Top 10 Districts by Muslim Population in Telangana

Hyderabad (43.45%) leads with the highest Muslim proportion, reflecting its historic Deccan sultanate legacy. Northern districts like Nizamabad (18.52%), Sangareddy (16.15%), and Nirmal (14.04%) also exhibit significant Muslim shares, influenced by medieval trade routes and Nizam administration.

Districts like Jayashankar Bhupalpally (2.95%) and Jangaon (3.19%) have the lowest Muslim shares, reflecting limited historical settlement. Central districts such as Peddapalli (6.03%) and Khammam (6.05%) also show lower proportions due to agrarian economies and fewer urban centers.

Total Muslim vs Non-Muslim Population in Telangana (2011 Census)

Muslims constitute 10.91% of Telangana’s population, while non-Muslims form 89.09%, highlighting a distinct minority concentrated in urban and selected rural districts.

Muslim vs Hindu Population in Telangana (2001 & 2011 Census)

Between 2001 and 2011, Telangana’s Muslim population rose nearly 20%, outpacing Hindu growth of 9.4%, driven by urban migration into Hyderabad and natural growth in northern districts^[3]

Districts with Highest Muslim Density per 100,000 People in Telangana

Hyderabad and Sangareddy display the highest Muslim densities, reflecting dense urban settlements and peri-urban expansion influenced by the IT corridor and historic city growth.

Small Population Districts with Low Muslim Percentage

Mulugu, Jayashankar Bhupalpally, and Jangaon are smaller districts with under 4% Muslim presence, shaped by tribal demographics and minimal historic influx.

Adilabad (12.58%): Adilabad, population 708,972, has 89,208 Muslims. Bordering Maharashtra, its tribal and forestry economy contrasts with Muslim engagement in small‐scale trade, transportation, and leather crafts. Hyderabad State-era administrative centers left Urdu‐speaking enclaves. Weekly markets in Adilabad town and urban clusters foster Muslim–Hindu interactions, with local mosques serving as cultural hubs during Ramadan and Eid festivals.

Bhadradri Kothagudem (5.62%): With 1,115,724 residents and 62,672 Muslims, Kothagudem’s coal and power industries draw Muslim workers in mining, logistics, and utilities. Settlements around Kothagudem town see mosques integrated into cityscapes. Community life revolves around Urs festivals at local dargahs, while rural pockets maintain lower proportions owing to tribal majorities and agrarian livelihoods.

Hyderabad (43.45%): Hyderabad’s 3,943,323 residents include 1,713,405 Muslims, the highest share regionally, rooted in centuries of Qutb Shahi and Asaf Jahi rule. The Old City thrives on bazaars, pearl trade, and charminar-era heritage. Today, Muslims excel in government service, education, and small‐scale industries. Iconic mosques like Mecca Masjid anchor vibrant religious life, while modern institutions nurture socio‐economic mobility.

Jagtial (7.78%): Jagtial, with 988,913 population and 76,952 Muslims, centers on rice mills and oil extraction. Muslim communities cluster in Jagtial town, engaging in milling businesses, transport, and trade. Mosques and Urdu-medium schools provide religious and linguistic education. While agrarian rhythms dominate, urbanization brings better healthcare and schooling for the minority community.

Jangaon (3.19%): Jangaon’s 561,422 people include only 17,899 Muslims. A small district carved from Warangal, its rural economy—cotton, paddy, and cattle—provides limited opportunities for Muslims. Most work in small shops, driving transport services, or as seasonal laborers. Communal ties revolve around a few mosques in Jangaon town, strengthening identity amid Hindu‐majority villages.

Jayashankar Bhupalpally (2.95%): With 410,963 residents and 12,130 Muslims, Bhupalpally’s tribal forests and coalfields host a tiny Muslim presence. Predominantly agrarian, Muslims here engage in manual labor, small retail, and transport. Limited infrastructure confines them to Bhupalpally town clusters. Mosques serve scant congregations, reflecting a community navigating marginal footholds.

Jogulamba Gadwal (7.96%): Gadwal’s 609,990 population includes 48,557 Muslims engaged in textile weaving, rice trade, and peri‐urban services. Famous for Gadwal sarees, local Muslim weavers sustain historic crafts alongside Hindu artisans. Community festivals blend seamlessly, with Eid and Diwali celebrated in shared public spaces, reinforcing social cohesion.

Kamareddy (10.22%): Kamareddy, home to 974,227 people including 99,572 Muslims, straddles Hyderabad’s rural fringe. Agriculture and granite mining define its economy, with Muslims working as traders, quarry supervisors, and transporters. Mosques in Kamareddy town anchor communal life, while diaspora networks link to Gulf remittances boosting local development.

Karimnagar (8.63%): Karimnagar’s 983,931 residents include 84,953 Muslims. Known for granite and rice industries, Muslims engage in stone cutting, milling, and trade. Historic forts and mosques in town provide cultural focal points. Muslim madrasa education coexists with secular schools, enhancing literacy and livelihoods in urban and surrounding rural areas.

Khammam (6.05%): Khammam, with 1,545,480 residents and 93,442 Muslims, thrives on coal and cement industries. Muslim laborers and small‐scale entrepreneurs staff factories and shops. Ghats on the Godavari host joint festivals, fostering interfaith ties. Community organizations run health camps and vocational training, promoting socio‐economic upliftment.

Komaram Bheem (Asifabad) (8.11%): Asifabad’s 520,719 people include 42,218 Muslims. Tribal and forested, its small Muslim population works in forestry services, trade, and seasonal labor. Weekly bazaars in Asifabad town unite diverse communities, with mosques serving as both prayer and community centers.

Mahabubabad (3.32%): Mahabubabad’s 754,845 population houses 25,026 Muslims, largely in cotton and mango cultivation areas. Most work as laborers or small‐shop owners in town clusters. Limited mosque infrastructure means communal life centers on private gatherings during Ramadan and Eid.

Mahbubnagar (10.23%): With 1,471,205 residents and 150,453 Muslims, Mahbubnagar balances agriculture, granite mining, and service trades. Muslims run rice mills, transport logistics, and retail shops. Historic mosques in Gadwal and Wanaparthy host vibrant festivals, underscoring long‐standing cultural footprints.

Mancherial (5.60%): Mancherial’s 802,130 people include 44,944 Muslims, many employed in Singareni coal mines and thermal power plants. Labor colonies around mandals foster community bonds, with mosques and madrasas supporting religious education. Seasonal fairs blend tribal and Muslim traditions.

Medak (6.81%): Medak, population 801,131 with 54,549 Muslims, is known for its historic cathedral and regional markets. Muslims here engage in grain trade, weaving, and transport. Urban clusters around Medak town provide better schooling and healthcare, reflected in higher literacy among Muslim youth.

Medchal Malkajgiri (9.24%): As part of the Hyderabad metro, this district’s 2,440,073 residents include 225,377 Muslims. Rapid urban sprawl brings employment in IT parks, manufacturing, and services. Muslim neighborhoods in Sitaphalmandi and Malkajgiri maintain strong community NGOs focused on education and women’s empowerment.

Mulugu (3.35%): Mulugu’s 300,471 people include only 10,064 Muslims, primarily from tribal backgrounds working in forest produce and minor trade. Sparse infrastructure keeps mosques few; communal life centers on home‐based gatherings and itinerant religious teachers.

Nagarkurnool (6.08%): Nagarkurnool’s 662,455 residents include 40,262 Muslims engaged in paddy farming, granite quarries, and small businesses. Mosques in district headquarters serve as community hubs, with modest educational institutions supporting youth development.

Nalgonda (5.79%): Nalgonda’s 1,646,694 people include 95,407 Muslims working in cement plants, agriculture, and local trade. Rural townships host weekly markets blending Hindu and Muslim vendors. Community-led health and literacy camps bolster social integration.

Narayanpet (8.47%): Narayanpet, population 569,942 with 48,286 Muslims, is famous for its handloom saris. Muslim weavers form cooperatives, exporting textiles globally. Cultural festivals patronize joint celebrations, reflecting deep artisanal collaboration.

Nirmal (14.04%): Nirmal’s 709,418 residents include 99,600 Muslims who contribute to famed Nirmal painting, toys, and handicrafts. Muslim artisans work alongside Hindu counterparts, and mosques host community art workshops, promoting cultural synergy.

Nizamabad (18.52%): Nizamabad’s 1,577,108 people include 292,024 Muslims, a legacy of Nizam-era rule. The district’s rice and turmeric markets are dominated by Muslim traders. Historic mosques and dargahs draw pilgrims from across Telangana.

Peddapalli (6.03%): Peddapalli, with 791,836 residents and 47,714 Muslims, hosts coal mines and thermal plants. Muslims here work as laborers, transporters, and small-business owners. Town mosques coordinate vocational training programs for community upliftment.

Rajanna Sircilla (4.03%): Sircilla’s 548,850 people include 22,140 Muslims in textile clusters. Known as the “Manchester of Telangana,” its power looms and dyeing units employ Muslim families. Community centers provide skill training and microfinance support.

Rangareddy (13.62%): Surrounding Hyderabad, Rangareddy’s 2,071,666 residents include 282,120 Muslims engaged in real estate, services, and industry. Rapid urbanization drives diverse employment, while traditional mosques co-exist with modern community halls.

Sangareddy (16.15%): Sangareddy, population 1,495,503 with 241,560 Muslims, thrives on pharmaceutical, textile, and agro-industries. Muslim entrepreneurs lead in turmeric trade and garment manufacturing. Festivals blend rural and urban customs.

Siddipet (5.41%): Siddipet’s 1,023,577 people include 55,408 Muslims in paddy cultivation and granite quarries. Small business clusters in Siddipet town support trade, while mosques host literacy drives and health camps.

Suryapet (5.96%): Suryapet’s 1,144,618 residents include 68,168 Muslims working in textile mills, rice mills, and transport. Community organizations run interfaith events, reinforcing social harmony amid agrarian livelihoods.

Vikarabad (12.94%): Vikarabad’s 946,109 people include 122,448 Muslims, many in horticulture and peri-urban services. Historic forts and mosques attract cultural tourism. Community welfare trusts sponsor education for underprivileged youth.

Wanaparthy (5.91%): Wanaparthy’s 578,329 residents include 34,187 Muslims in paddy and sugarcane farming. Seasonal labor migration to cities supplements incomes. Town mosques facilitate communal gatherings during festivals.

Warangal Rural (3.57%): The rural district’s 759,300 people include 27,120 Muslims, mostly in agriculture and brick kilns. Limited urban centers mean small congregations; religious life revolves around village mosques and itinerant clergy.

Warangal Urban (10.77%): Warangal city’s 1,037,557 residents include 111,763 Muslims. Historic architecture—forts and mosques—attract tourism. Muslims here engage in education, services, and small industries, balancing heritage with modernization.

Yadadri Bhuvanagiri (3.59%): Home to 697,497 people and 25,071 Muslims, Yadadri’s economy centers on pilgrimage tourism and agriculture. Muslim communities serve pilgrims through lodging, transport, and eateries, fostering interfaith engagement.

Muslim Population by District in Telangana (2011 Census)

Excerpt: Karnataka, a state in southwest India known for its technological hubs, silk production, and rich heritage, hosts a significant Muslim community alongside its Hindu majority. Spread across coastal, northern, and central regions, Karnataka’s Muslims contribute to the state’s economy through trade, education, and industry, while preserving cultural traditions in urban and rural settings.

According to the 2011 Census, Karnataka’s total population stands at approximately 61,095,297, of which 7,893,065 are Muslims, forming 12.92% of the state’s population^[4][5]

Kannada is the lingua franca, while Urdu remains culturally significant among Muslim communities. Urban centers like Bangalore and Belgaum display higher Muslim engagement in IT, education, and commerce, whereas rural and northern districts rely on agriculture, handicrafts, and small-scale trade.

Top 10 Districts by Muslim Population in Karnataka

The above districts in the chart with the highest share of Muslims in Karnataka show how history, trade, and jobs have shaped the population. Dakshina Kannada (24.02%) is highest due to its coastal trade links with Arab merchants. Gulbarga and Dharwad have high shares because of their Muslim rulers in the past. In places like Haveri, Bijapur, and Raichur, many Muslims work in farming and crafts. In Kodagu and Bellary, they work in plantations and mines. These areas also have strong community institutions.

The above districts in the chart with the lowest Muslim population share in Karnataka are mostly rural and agrarian. Mandya (4.31%) and Chamarajanagar (4.62%) have limited urbanization and smaller Muslim communities engaged in farming and local trade. Districts like Hassan, Chitradurga, and Udupi also have low Muslim presence due to historical Hindu dominance and fewer migration patterns. Bangalore Rural, Tumkur, and Vijaynagara show slightly higher shares due to proximity to cities or mixed economies, but overall, these areas have minimal Muslim cultural influence.

Mandya (4.31%), Chamarajanagar (4.62%), and Hassan (6.76%) record the lowest Muslim proportions, reflecting historic agrarian patterns and limited urbanization.

Total Muslim vs Non-Muslim Population in Karnataka (2011 Census)

Muslims constitute 12.92% of Karnataka’s population, while non-Muslims account for 87.08%, highlighting a notable minority presence across diverse districts.

Muslim vs Hindu Population in Karnataka (2001 & 2011 Census)

Between 2001 and 2011, Karnataka’s Muslim population grew by 22.12%, outpacing Hindu growth of 15.79%, driven by urban migration and higher natural growth in northern and coastal pockets^[6]

Districts with Highest Muslim Density per 100,000 People in Karnataka

Coastal Dakshina Kannada and central Dharwad boast the highest Muslim densities, reflecting historic trading hubs and industrial centers.

Small Population Districts with Low Muslim Percentage

Kodagu, Udupi, and Chikmagalur, though smaller in population, maintain below-average Muslim shares, influenced by local agrarian and plantation economies.

Belgaum: With 4,779,661 residents, Belgaum houses 528,412 Muslims (11.06%). Nestled at Karnataka’s northern border, it blends textile, agriculture, and stone-cutting industries. Muslims engage in trade, education, and transport services. The region’s syncretic culture is palpable during Ramadan and Eid gatherings across city mosques and rural madrasas.

Bagalkot: Bagalkot’s 1,889,752 population includes 219,991 Muslims (11.64%). Known for its limestone and agriculture, Muslims here run tile works, shops, and small eateries. Community life centers around local dargahs, with festivals like Urs and Eid drawing devotees from neighboring villages.

Bijapur: Bijapur reports 2,177,331 people, with 369,588 Muslims (16.97%). Famous for its Gol Gumbaz and historical sultanate remnants, the district’s Muslim artisans flourish in stone carving, tailoring, and small-scale tourism. Religious tourism sustains many families, bolstering local markets.

Bidar: Bidar’s 1,703,300 residents include 335,184 Muslims (19.68%), the second-highest share in the state. Renowned for its Bidriware handicrafts, Muslims dominate metal inlay workshops and carpet weaving. Community bonds strengthen during Muharram processions and urs at Sufi shrines.

Raichur: Among 1,928,812 people, Raichur hosts 272,022 Muslims (14.10%). An agrarian district straddling the Krishna River, Muslims engage in paddy cultivation, trade of agricultural inputs, and small transport businesses. Friday prayers in Raichur town unite diverse sub-communities.

Koppal: Koppal’s 1,389,920 population includes 161,770 Muslims (11.64%). With its rich temple architecture and mining sites, the district’s Muslims are employed in service trades, goldsmithing, and local commerce. Communal harmony is evident during shared harvest festivals.

Gadag: Out of 1,064,570 inhabitants, 143,665 are Muslims (13.50%). Gadag’s textile mills and agricultural markets employ many Muslims as traders, weavers, and transporters. Community centers offer madrasas and vocational training, strengthening youth engagement.

Dharwad: Dharwad counts 1,847,023 people, with 386,834 Muslims (20.94%), the highest share in the state. Known for its educational institutions, Muslims participate actively as students and faculty. The district’s cultural festivals showcase Qawwali performances and interfaith music events.

Uttara Kannada: Uttara Kannada’s 1,437,169 population includes 187,974 Muslims (13.08%). Coastal ports and fishing hubs employ Muslims in marine trade, shipbuilding, and fisheries commerce. Eid al-Fitr celebrations see communal feasts along the Arabian Sea coast.

Haveri: With 1,597,668 residents, Haveri has 297,927 Muslims (18.65%). A hub for cotton ginning and oil mills, Muslims here own and operate several agro-based businesses. Friday congregations at historic mosques bind urban and rural congregants alike.

Bellary: Bellary’s 1,300,246 population includes 195,146 Muslims (15.01%). Mining and steel industries attract Muslim labor, entrepreneurs, and traders. Community welfare associations run vocational centers, promoting skill development among youth.

Chitradurga: Among 1,659,456 people, Chitradurga has 128,751 Muslims (7.76%), one of the lower shares. Known for its fortress and granite trade, Muslims run small quarries, tailoring shops, and local eateries. Intercommunity markets foster social cohesion.

Davanagere: Davanagere’s 1,643,494 residents include 237,747 Muslims (14.47%). Known as the “Manchester of Karnataka” for its cotton mills, Muslims engage in textile trading, road transport, and garment manufacturing. Religious schools complement secular education in urban pockets.

Shimoga: Shimoga’s 1,752,753 population hosts 234,664 Muslims (13.39%). With forestry and hydropower projects, Muslims take roles in administration, trade, and service sectors. Eid processions weave through the scenic Tunga River banks.

Udupi: Udupi, with 1,177,361 people, includes 96,740 Muslims (8.22%). A coastal temple town renowned for cuisine, Muslims run seafood businesses, hotels, and pilgrim services. Interfaith dining experiences during Ramadan draw locals and visitors alike.

Chikmagalur: Chikmagalur, with 1,137,961 residents, counts 101,235 Muslims (8.90%). Renowned for its coffee plantations and hill stations, Muslims participate in plantation labor, small-scale hospitality, and café businesses. Local mosques in Kadur and Mudigere host seasonal festivals, while younger generations engage in hospitality and eco‐tourism ventures.

Tumkur: Tumkur’s 2,678,980 population includes 245,923 Muslims (9.18%). An industrially diversified district on the Bangalore highway, Muslims work in manufacturing units, transport logistics, and roadside businesses. Community centers in Tumakuru town provide vocational training and religious education, fostering socio‐economic upliftment.

Bangalore Urban: Karnataka’s capital region, with 9,621,551 people, has 1,248,294 Muslims (12.97%). As an IT and service hub, Muslims excel in professional services, entrepreneurship, and academia. Prominent mosques in Shivajinagar and Frazer Town host major Eid congregations. Community NGOs also run skill‐development and women’s empowerment programs.

Mandya: Mandya’s agrarian landscape of 1,805,769 inhabitants includes 77,801 Muslims (4.31%), the lowest share in the state. Muslims here predominantly engage in livestock rearing, sugarcane trade, and small retail outlets. The community observes collective iftars during Ramadan, strengthening ties with Hindu neighbors.

Hassan: Hassan’s 1,776,421 people encompass 120,011 Muslims (6.76%). Known for its temple architecture and coffee estates, Muslims here manage plantation labor, small hotels, and local transport. Community life revolves around mosques in Hassan city and spiritual gatherings at Urs festivals.

Dakshina Kannada: Home to 2,089,649 residents, including 501,896 Muslims (24.02%), the highest share in Karnataka, this coastal district thrives on fisheries, cashew processing, and port trade. Muslims dominate medium‐scale commerce and logistics in Mangalore. Annual cultural events like Yakshagana include significant Muslim participation.

Kodagu: In Kodagu’s 554,519 population, 87,274 are Muslims (15.74%). Known for coffee and spice plantations, Muslims work as plantation supervisors, café owners, and guides. Community halls in Madikeri host interfaith cultural evenings, reflecting peaceful coexistence.

Mysore: Mysore, with 3,001,127 inhabitants, has 290,549 Muslims (9.68%). Famous for its palace and silk industry, Muslims contribute to silk weaving, power‐loom operations, and tourism services. The annual Mysore Dasara sees Muslim artisans crafting festival paraphernalia alongside Hindu artisans.

Chamarajanagar: Chamarajanagar’s 1,020,791 people include 47,210 Muslims (4.62%). A predominantly rural district near the Tamil Nadu border, Muslims engage in cattle trade, forest produce commerce, and small shops. Friday bazaars in towns like Kollegal facilitate intercultural exchange.

Gulbarga: Gulbarga (Kalaburagi), with 2,566,326 residents, counts 513,125 Muslims (19.99%). A historic Sultanate seat, Muslims here dominate tile manufacturing, brick kilns, and wholesale trade. Religious education flourishes in madrasas, and Sufi shrines draw pilgrims across the Deccan.

Yadgir: Yadgir’s 1,174,271 population includes 155,340 Muslims (13.23%). An agro‐industrial district, Muslims work in rice mills, textile looms, and transport services. Community-driven health camps and literacy programs operate from mosque complexes.

Kolar: Of 1,536,401 inhabitants, 199,873 are Muslims (13.01%). Formerly a gold‐mining hub, today its Muslims run goldsmith workshops, retail jewelry, and agricultural supply stores. Community Eid melas (fairs) foster interreligious harmony in Kolar town.

Chikkaballapura: Chikkaballapura’s 1,255,104 people include 147,810 Muslims (11.78%). Near Bangalore, Muslims engage in dairy production, sericulture, and commuting to urban jobs. Mosque committees here focus on youth mentorship and sports activities.

Bangalore Rural: In the rural periphery of 990,923 people, 92,252 are Muslims (9.31%). Engaged in agriculture, stone quarrying, and peri‐urban services, Muslims commute to Bangalore Urban for work. Community centers offer language classes and microfinance support.

Ramanagara: Ramanagara’s 1,082,636 residents include 114,311 Muslims (10.56%). Known for its silk cocoons and granite quarries, Muslims run cocoon‐trading businesses and stone‐cutting workshops. Interfaith cultural festivals in Ramanagara town bring communities together.

Vijaynagara: Vijaynagara’s 1,454,352 people include 153,746 Muslims (10.57%). A newly formed district with heritage ruins, Muslims here participate in tourism services, agriculture, and local handicrafts. Community youth groups organize educational workshops in Hoovina Hadagalli and Hampi taluks.

Muslim Population by District in Karnataka (2011 Census)

Excerpt: Odisha, a culturally rich and resource-abundant state in eastern India, is known for its temples, tribal diversity, and coastal beauty. While the majority of the population follows Hinduism, a small yet significant Muslim community is spread across its urban and semi-urban districts. These communities, though limited in number, contribute to the cultural and economic landscape through commerce, education, and traditional practices.

According to the 2011 Census, Odisha has a total population of approximately 41.97 million, of which about 961,772 are Muslims, forming 2.29% of the total population^[7]. Muslim presence is concentrated in coastal districts like Bhadrak, Cuttack, and Jagatsinghapur, with lower representation in tribal-dominated western and southern areas.

Odia and tribal languages dominate daily communication in Odisha, while Urdu holds traditional value in Muslim localities. Coastal regions exhibit stronger Muslim participation in trade, handicrafts, and fisheries, while western tribal belts remain less penetrated demographically.

Top 10 Muslim Populated Districts in Odisha

Districts with Lowest Muslim Percentage (Below 0.35%)

Tribal and forested districts like Debagarh (0.23%) and Kandhamal (0.29%) show minimal Muslim presence, attributed to rugged terrain, cultural insularity, and lack of historical settlement by Muslim groups.

Total Muslim vs Non-Muslim Population in Odisha (2011 Census)

Muslim vs Hindu Population in Odisha (2001 & 2011 Census)

Districts with Highest Muslim Density per 100,000 People

Small Population Districts with Low Muslim Percentage

Debagarh, Baudh, and Malkangiri are low-density, tribal districts with sparse Muslim presence. Their geographic isolation and indigenous demography have historically limited Muslim migration and settlement.

Bargarh: Bargarh district has a population of 1,481,255, including 7,527 Muslims, making up just 0.51%. Located in western Odisha, it is predominantly Hindu and agricultural. The Muslim community is engaged in tailoring, petty trading, and agricultural labor. Despite their small numbers, they are integrated within the district’s economy, participating in weekly markets and religious observances. Infrastructure for the community includes a few mosques and informal schools spread across rural blocks.

Jharsuguda: Jharsuguda, an industrial district in northwestern Odisha, has 579,505 residents and 12,783 Muslims, accounting for 2.21% of the population. The Muslim community here is largely urban, concentrated around the city and involved in small businesses, transport services, and metalwork. The community benefits from relatively better access to education and religious institutions, with mosques present in major towns like Jharsuguda and Brajarajnagar.

Sambalpur: Sambalpur has a total population of 1,041,099, including 20,120 Muslims (1.93%). Known for its textile industry and Hirakud Dam, Muslims are active in the weaving sector, small shops, and local trade. Sambalpur town hosts the majority of the community, which maintains cultural cohesion through mosques and community associations. Though not very populous, the Muslim presence is economically visible and culturally rooted.

Debagarh: Debagarh, with 312,520 people, has just 704 Muslims, representing only 0.23% of the population. This hilly and forested district in western Odisha is sparsely populated and predominantly tribal. Muslims are almost absent from remote villages, with a few small households found in the district headquarters. Their occupations include minor trading and manual work. Religious infrastructure is minimal due to the negligible population.

Sundargarh: With 2,093,437 residents, Sundargarh has a significant Muslim population of 71,391 (3.41%). The district’s urban hubs like Rourkela serve as centers for Muslim employment in education, retail, and metal industries. The community is diverse and well-integrated, supported by multiple mosques, madrasas, and social organizations. Many are engaged in small and medium-scale enterprises, contributing to the region’s industrial growth.

Kendujhar: Kendujhar district has a population of 1,801,733, with 27,752 Muslims, forming 1.54%. Situated in a mineral-rich zone, Muslim residents are engaged in mining-related services, welding, and small trade. Although scattered, the community thrives in urban areas like Keonjhar town. Religious life revolves around a few central mosques, and access to education has improved. Despite being a tribal-majority region, social coexistence is generally peaceful.

Mayurbhanj: Mayurbhanj, Odisha’s largest district by area, has 2,519,738 people and 33,706 Muslims (1.34%). The district is predominantly tribal, with the Muslim population centered in towns like Baripada. Most are employed in agriculture-related activities, rural trade, and traditional tailoring. The community maintains several mosques and small madrasa schools. Religious festivals like Eid are celebrated peacefully among diverse ethnic groups, reflecting cultural harmony.

Baleshwar: Baleshwar (Balasore) has a population of 2,320,529, with 94,254 Muslims (4.06%). Located on the coast, the district has a vibrant Muslim presence in both towns and rural markets. Many are involved in fisheries, traditional crafts, and retail. Balasore city and nearby blocks house mosques, madrasas, and Urdu schools, sustaining cultural life. The district ranks among the top in terms of both population and density of Muslims.

Bhadrak: Bhadrak is home to 1,506,337 people and 104,202 Muslims, making up 6.92%—the highest percentage in Odisha. A hub of religious coexistence, Bhadrak’s Muslim population is active in education, retail, and transport sectors. Communities here are well-organized, with numerous mosques, Urdu schools, and religious trusts. Known for its social harmony, the district also sees strong participation in local governance and public life from the Muslim community.

Kendrapara: With 1,440,361 residents, Kendrapara includes 50,247 Muslims (3.49%). Located on the Mahanadi delta, it has thriving fishing and agrarian economies. Muslims here are often engaged in fish trading, boat-making, and textile work. The community is socially active with many mosques and charitable schools. Kendrapara is also known for cooperative Hindu-Muslim relationships, particularly during religious festivities and community development activities.

Jagatsinghapur: Jagatsinghapur district has 1,136,971 people and 46,929 Muslims (4.13%). With a high literacy rate, the Muslim community here is involved in education, retail, and civil services. Concentrated in urban blocks, they benefit from schools, madrasas, and a strong cultural legacy. Peaceful coexistence and interfaith engagement are notable features of Muslim life in the region, especially during Eid and local festivals.

Cuttack: Cuttack, with a population of 2,624,470, has the largest Muslim population in Odisha—141,263 (5.38%). A major urban center, Cuttack is a historical hub of Islamic scholarship and Urdu culture. Muslims are prominent in trade, education, and healthcare sectors. Mosques, madrasas, and heritage sites like Qadam-e-Rasool signify a deep-rooted presence. The city fosters cultural vibrancy and civic engagement across all communities.

Jajapur: Jajapur district hosts 1,827,192 people, including 93,642 Muslims (5.12%). Located in the coastal belt, Jajapur has a sizable and active Muslim community involved in agriculture, garment trading, and mobile services. The district has numerous mosques, religious schools, and active social organizations. The peaceful coexistence of communities has helped foster development-oriented collaboration in the region.

Dhenkanal: Dhenkanal has a population of 1,192,811, with just 4,805 Muslims (0.40%). The district is largely agrarian and tribal, with a sparse Muslim presence mostly found in small market towns. Muslims are typically engaged in mechanical repair shops, tailoring, and grocery businesses. Religious facilities are limited, but communal harmony is strong and evident during local celebrations.

Anugul: Anugul district is home to 1,273,821 people, of which 7,512 are Muslims (0.59%). Known for its coal and aluminum industries, the Muslim community here is small but visible in towns like Angul and Talcher. Occupations include shopkeeping, transportation, and labor. The community maintains basic religious infrastructure and enjoys peaceful integration in industrial environments.

Nayagarh: With 962,789 people, Nayagarh includes 5,278 Muslims (0.55%). A quiet, agrarian district, it has a small Muslim population focused on trade, tailoring, and school-level education. Infrastructure includes a few mosques and one or two religious schools. Despite their small numbers, Muslims here participate actively in village and town-level economic life.

Khordha: Khordha, including the capital city Bhubaneswar, has a population of 2,251,673 and 84,060 Muslims (3.73%). Urban and upwardly mobile, the community is well-represented in IT, education, and business. With major mosques, madrasas, and Islamic cultural centers, Khordha offers one of the most advanced living standards for Muslims in Odisha. The population is highly literate and cosmopolitan in outlook.

Puri: Puri district houses 1,698,730 people and 46,094 Muslims (2.71%). While famous for the Jagannath Temple, Puri also maintains an active Muslim presence in beachside trade, fisheries, and street food. The community is clustered around towns like Pipili and Satyabadi. Infrastructure includes mosques, madrasas, and small schools. Interfaith harmony is a hallmark of the district.

Ganjam: Ganjam is Odisha’s most populous district with 3,529,031 residents but only 13,315 Muslims (0.38%). Muslims are few and mainly found in urban blocks like Berhampur. Occupations include tailoring, mobile services, and vending. The district’s strong migration trend toward southern states affects the local population structure. Religious institutions are minimal but functional.

Gajapati: Gajapati has a population of 577,817 with just 1,556 Muslims (0.27%). A tribal district in southern Odisha, its Muslim population is sparse and mostly involved in livestock trading and weekly markets. Settlement is confined to specific semi-urban centers like Paralakhemundi. Cultural integration is minimal, but cohabitation is peaceful.

Kandhamal: Kandhamal, known for its forest cover and tribal dominance, has 733,110 people and only 2,138 Muslims (0.29%). The community here is extremely small, largely composed of traders and transport workers. Social infrastructure is nearly absent, though religious practices continue quietly. Peaceful coexistence has improved post-2008 communal disturbances, thanks to reconciliation efforts.

Baudh: With 441,162 residents and 1,007 Muslims (0.23%), Baudh has one of Odisha’s lowest Muslim percentages. The community is engaged in low-scale trade and small construction services. There are very few mosques or educational institutions. Muslim families are mainly based in district headquarters and nearby markets, maintaining cultural identity while integrating with the rural surroundings.

Balangir: Balangir has a population of 1,648,997 and 7,811 Muslims (0.47%). Located in western Odisha, the community here is involved in tailoring, farming, and handicrafts. Towns like Balangir and Titlagarh serve as commercial hubs for the Muslim population. Despite limited size, community infrastructure includes a few mosques and community centers.

Nuapada: With 610,382 people and 4,952 Muslims (0.81%), Nuapada is a tribal-dominated district bordering Chhattisgarh. The Muslim community here is small and centered around the district headquarters. Activities include mobile vending, embroidery, and cycle repair. Religious institutions are limited to town areas, but inter-community relations remain strong and cooperative.

Kalahandi: Kalahandi’s 1,576,869 residents include 4,975 Muslims (0.32%). This historically underdeveloped district has a sparse Muslim population mainly in Bhawanipatna and surrounding towns. Engagement includes small trades, construction, and labor. Due to socio-economic backwardness, infrastructure remains underdeveloped. However, religious identity is preserved through familial networks and traditional practices.

Rayagada: Rayagada has 967,911 people and 4,607 Muslims (0.48%). A tribal and industrial mix, the Muslim population works in market trading, tailoring, and stone-related industries. Mosques exist in Rayagada town, but rural Muslim presence is negligible. The community is generally well-integrated with neighboring tribal and OBC communities.

Nabarangapur: With a population of 1,220,946 and 6,753 Muslims (0.55%), Nabarangapur is a tribal district with small urban clusters. Muslims here are traders, auto-mechanics, and small-scale cloth sellers. Infrastructure includes a handful of religious sites and low-cost educational institutions, mostly in the district HQ.

Koraput: Koraput district has 1,379,647 residents, including 8,850 Muslims (0.64%). This hilly, tribal region supports a moderate Muslim population in towns like Jeypore. Occupations range from food vending and carpentry to construction. Religious and educational facilities exist but are modest. Cultural cohabitation is stable and cordial.

Malkangiri: Malkangiri has 613,192 people and just 1,871 Muslims (0.31%). Bordering Andhra Pradesh, the district is remote and tribal-dominated. The few Muslim families here engage in small transport services and grocery trade. Infrastructure is minimal, but peaceful coexistence continues despite the district’s isolation and underdevelopment.

Subarnapur: Subarnapur (Sonepur) has a total population of 610,183 and 1,566 Muslims (0.26%). Located in western Odisha, the community is extremely small, concentrated in towns like Sonepur. They engage in retail, tailoring, and minor trading. Religious institutions are limited to one or two mosques, and cultural life is modest.

Muslim Population by District in Odisha (2011 Census)