Haryana, a northern Indian state with a mix of urban centers and rural communities, has a Muslim population of approximately 1.79 million, forming 7.03% of the total population, according to the 2011 Census of India^[5]. Muslims are unevenly spread, with the highest concentration in Mewat (now Nuh), where they make up a large majority. Other districts with notable Muslim populations include Palwal, Faridabad, and Yamunanagar, while districts like Rewari and Bhiwani have relatively smaller Muslim communities.

The Muslim population in Haryana is primarily Sunni, with very few Shia households, mostly found in parts of urban districts. Urdu and Hindi are the main languages spoken, though many also use regional dialects depending on location. The region’s cultural landscape—particularly in areas like Mewat—features strong Islamic traditions, including madrasas, dargahs, and religious events that reflect deep-rooted community practices.

Economically, Muslims in Haryana engage in small-scale trade, agriculture, and informal labor. In urban areas like Faridabad and Gurgaon, many work in construction, repair services, and petty businesses. However, they face social and economic barriers, particularly in Mewat, which lags behind in infrastructure, education, and healthcare.

The literacy rate among Muslims in Haryana remains lower than the state average, especially for females. Despite these gaps, educational efforts—including community-run schools, NGOs, and minority scholarships—are gradually helping bridge the divide, particularly in semi-urban and developing regions ^[6].

Haryana’s Muslim population is concentrated in a few key districts, especially in the southern region. According to the 2011 Census, Nuh (formerly Mewat) has the highest Muslim population in the state—around 862,647, making up 79.20% of the district’s residents. Other districts with significant Muslim shares include Palwal with 20.00%, Yamunanagar (11.41%), Faridabad (8.93%), Panipat (7.19%), and Gurgaon (4.68%). In contrast, districts such as Ambala, Bhiwani, Jind, Kaithal, Rohtak, and Hisar each have Muslim populations under 2%.

Muslim communities in urban areas like Gurgaon and Faridabad are largely involved in services, small-scale industries, and informal sector jobs. Meanwhile, rural Muslim-majority districts such as Nuh maintain strong community networks centered around local mosques, madrasas, and traditional occupations. These areas reflect a distinct cultural identity, shaped by centuries of religious continuity and social cohesion.

Though active in many sectors, Haryana’s Muslims face disparities in literacy, infrastructure, and access to public services. However, their influence in specific regions, especially Nuh and Palwal, is central to the state’s cultural and social diversity.

In Haryana, the Muslim population shows significant variation across districts. Mewat (now Nuh) stands out with a dominant Muslim majority—approximately 862,647, accounting for 79.20% of its residents. Other districts with notable Muslim shares include Palwal (20.00%), Yamunanagar (11.41%), Faridabad (8.93%), Panipat (7.19%), and Gurgaon (4.68%). In contrast, many districts such as Ambala, Bhiwani, Fatehabad, Hisar, Jhajjar, Jind, Kaithal, Mahendragarh, Rewari, Rohtak, Sirsa, and Charkhi Dadri each have Muslim populations constituting below 2% of their totals.

These regional differences reflect deeply rooted demographic patterns. While urban districts like Faridabad and Gurgaon see Muslim presence in industrial labor, commerce, and the service sector, rural Muslim-majority areas like Mewat and Palwal maintain robust Islamic cultural traditions and institutional structures. Even in low-percentage districts, Muslim families continue to practice their religious and cultural life through local mosques, community networks, and small-scale economic participation.

Haryana’s Muslim population is unevenly distributed across its districts, with Mewat (Nuh) having the highest concentration by far—approximately 862,647 Muslims, making up 79.20% of its total population. Palwal follows with a significant Muslim presence of around 208,566 (20%), while Yamunanagar has about 138,569 Muslims, constituting 11.41% of its residents. Faridabad and Panipat also have notable Muslim populations, 161,680 (8.93%) and 86,622 (7.19%) respectively. Other districts such as Gurgaon (70,842, 4.68%) and Panchkula (23,451, 4.18%) have smaller yet visible communities. Many districts like Ambala, Karnal, Sonipat, and Kurukshetra report Muslim populations ranging from 1.5% to 3%, while districts including Bhiwani, Fatehabad, Jhajjar, and Rohtak have less than 1%. These communities contribute actively to Haryana’s cultural fabric and economy through trade, agriculture, education, and service sectors.

Mewat (Nuh):
Mewat (Nuh) stands out with a Muslim population of approximately 862,647, making up a substantial 79.20% of its total residents. The primary language spoken is Mewati, a dialect of Rajasthani, along with Hindi and Urdu. Given its strong Muslim majority and distinct cultural identity, Mewat is expected to maintain its demographic prominence. The community is deeply involved in agriculture, local trade, and small businesses, with ongoing efforts to improve education and infrastructure, which may lead to gradual socio-economic growth.

Palwal:
Palwal has around 208,566 Muslims, accounting for 20% of the district’s population. Urdu and Hindi are widely spoken among the community. Situated close to the National Capital Region, Palwal’s Muslim population is growing, supported by increasing urbanization and economic opportunities. The community actively participates in trade, education, and services. With improving connectivity and infrastructure, Palwal is likely to see further demographic and cultural growth in its Muslim population, especially in peri-urban areas.

Yamunanagar:
Yamunanagar hosts about 138,569 Muslims, representing 11.41% of its population. The Muslim community commonly speaks Hindi and Urdu, with Punjabi influences due to regional proximity. This district’s Muslims are engaged in industries like timber, paper, and education services. Given the district’s industrial base and growing urban centers, the Muslim population is expected to rise steadily, enhancing their economic participation and cultural presence, while educational outreach continues to improve.

Faridabad:
Faridabad is home to 161,680 Muslims, making up 8.93% of the total population. Urdu and Hindi are commonly used within the community. As a major industrial and urban hub in Haryana, Faridabad’s Muslim population is growing, fueled by employment opportunities in manufacturing and services. The community is actively involved in small businesses, retail, and education. Continued urban expansion and economic development will likely lead to increased Muslim visibility and influence in the district.

Panipat:
Panipat has approximately 86,622 Muslims, accounting for 7.19% of its population. The community mainly speaks Hindi and Urdu. Known historically for its textile and handloom industries, Panipat’s Muslims are deeply involved in trade, weaving, and small-scale manufacturing. With ongoing industrial development and modernization, the Muslim population is expected to maintain steady growth, further contributing to the district’s economy and cultural mosaic.

Gurgaon:
Gurgaon’s Muslim population numbers around 70,842, which is 4.68% of the district total. Hindi, Urdu, and Punjabi are commonly spoken among the community. As a rapidly urbanizing and economically dynamic area close to Delhi, Gurgaon’s Muslim population is increasing due to migration and job prospects in IT, real estate, and services. The community is expected to expand further, integrating more deeply into the city’s socio-economic fabric with rising educational and entrepreneurial ventures.

Panchkula:
Panchkula has about 23,451 Muslims, making up 4.18% of its population. Hindi and Urdu are the primary languages spoken within the community. Known for its planned urban layout and administrative significance, Panchkula sees a small but stable Muslim presence. The community participates in education, government services, and small business sectors. Given the district’s planned growth and rising opportunities, the Muslim population is predicted to grow modestly with enhanced socio-economic integration.

Sonipat:
Sonipat’s Muslim community consists of around 45,100 people, approximately 3.11% of the total population. Urdu and Hindi are prevalent languages. The district’s Muslims are engaged mainly in agriculture, small businesses, and local trade. As Sonipat develops industrially and infrastructurally, the Muslim population is likely to grow slowly. The community’s increasing access to education and employment in urbanizing zones supports gradual economic upliftment and cultural visibility.

Karnal:
Karnal has about 31,650 Muslims, making up 2.10% of the district population. Hindi and Urdu are common languages spoken by the community. Known for agriculture and education institutions, Muslims in Karnal are involved in farming, trade, and local businesses. The community’s steady presence in rural and semi-urban areas suggests slow but consistent demographic growth, supported by improving literacy and access to markets, enhancing their role in the district’s economy.

Ambala:
Ambala’s Muslim population is around 22,143, about 1.96% of the total. Hindi and Urdu are the main languages spoken. The district’s Muslims engage in trade, education, and small-scale industries. Given Ambala’s strategic location and growing connectivity, the Muslim population is expected to see gradual growth, supported by educational institutions and expanding urban areas. Cultural activities and religious institutions contribute to maintaining community cohesion.

Jind:
Jind has a Muslim population of roughly 23,016, representing 1.73% of the district total. Urdu and Hindi are spoken within the community. Predominantly rural, Jind’s Muslims mostly work in agriculture and local markets. Though smaller in number, they maintain strong cultural ties through mosques and community centers. With infrastructural improvements and better educational access, the Muslim community’s socio-economic status and population are expected to experience modest growth.

Kurukshetra:
Kurukshetra hosts about 15,970 Muslims, making up 1.66% of the population. Urdu and Hindi are commonly spoken. This district, known for its religious significance, has a small Muslim community active in trade, services, and education. The community’s presence is stable, with potential for growth due to increased tourism-related commerce and infrastructural development. Efforts to improve educational outreach may enhance socio-economic opportunities for Muslims here.

Hisar:
Hisar’s Muslim population stands at 21,650, which is 1.24% of its residents. Hindi and Urdu are the prevalent languages. Muslims in Hisar are primarily involved in agriculture, local commerce, and small manufacturing units. Despite being a smaller percentage, the community is well-integrated socially and economically. Continued industrial growth and educational initiatives may support a gradual rise in the Muslim population and their economic contribution.

Charkhi Dadri:
Charkhi Dadri has around 6,265 Muslims, constituting about 1.25% of the district population. Urdu and Hindi are spoken within the community. The Muslim population is small and mainly engaged in agriculture and local trades. Given the district’s rural nature, growth is expected to be slow but steady, supported by government development schemes and improved connectivity to nearby urban centers.

Ambala:
Ambala’s Muslim population is approximately 22,143, about 1.96% of its total. The community speaks Hindi and Urdu, and is mainly involved in trade, education, and small-scale industries. Given the district’s growth in connectivity and urbanization, the Muslim community is expected to gradually increase in numbers, supported by educational institutions and active cultural participation.

Bhiwani:
Bhiwani has a Muslim population of 9,250, which is 0.82% of the district total. Urdu and Hindi are spoken among the community. Muslims in Bhiwani are largely engaged in agriculture and small retail businesses. Given the low percentage and rural character of the district, growth is expected to be slow, but steady educational improvements could enhance socio-economic conditions for the community.

Fatehabad:
Fatehabad’s Muslim community numbers around 8,360, roughly 0.89% of its population. Hindi and Urdu are the common languages. The community is primarily rural, involved in farming and local trade. The Muslim population is small and expected to grow slowly due to limited urbanization but benefits from improving education and health services.

Jhajjar:
Jhajjar hosts about 8,247 Muslims, accounting for 0.86% of the district population. The community uses Hindi and Urdu languages. Predominantly rural, Muslims in Jhajjar engage in agriculture and small businesses. Population growth is likely to be modest, supported by rural development programs and increased access to education.

Kaithal:
Kaithal’s Muslim population is approximately 8,232, making up 0.77% of the district’s residents. Hindi and Urdu are spoken within the community. Muslims here are mainly involved in agriculture and trade. The population is stable with slow growth expected, as urbanization remains limited but infrastructural improvements are underway.

Mahendragarh:
Mahendragarh has a small Muslim population of 5,660, which is 0.61% of the total. The community speaks Hindi and Urdu and is mainly involved in agriculture and small businesses. The rural nature of the district limits rapid growth, but community efforts and development programs may encourage gradual socio-economic improvement.

Rewari:
Rewari’s Muslim population stands at 5,713, approximately 0.63% of the district total. Urdu and Hindi are spoken by the community. Most Muslims here engage in agriculture and local trade. With ongoing rural development and better access to education, a slow but steady growth of the Muslim population is expected.

Rohtak:
Rohtak has around 8,185 Muslims, making up 0.77% of its population. The community speaks Urdu and Hindi, primarily involved in agriculture, retail, and small-scale industries. Despite being a small percentage, the Muslim community is gradually increasing with improved educational and economic opportunities.

Sirsa:
Sirsa has a Muslim population of approximately 9,524, about 0.74% of the total. Hindi and Urdu are commonly spoken. The community mostly works in agriculture and trade. Growth remains modest due to rural settings, but infrastructural and educational advances offer potential for gradual improvement.

Muslim Population of Haryana by its Districts dataset Census 2011

Rajasthan, the largest state in India by area, has a sizeable Muslim community with a population of around 6.22 million, making up 9.07% of the total as per the 2011 Census^[7]. Muslim populations are more prominent in certain districts—Jaisalmer (25.10%), Alwar (14.90%), Bharatpur (14.57%), Nagaur (13.74%), and Kota (12.51%)—as well as in urban centers such as Jaipur and Jodhpur, which collectively account for over a million Muslims.

Most Muslims in Rajasthan follow Sunni Islam, with pockets of Shia communities in urban areas. While Urdu is spoken within Muslim families, many also use Hindi and regional dialects like Marwari, Mewari, or Shekhawati, depending on their district. Historic towns like Ajmer, famous for the Dargah of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti, and Tonk, known for its Islamic manuscript library, reflect the state’s rich Indo-Islamic cultural heritage.

Economically, Rajasthan’s Muslims are engaged in small-scale industries such as textiles, leather, handicrafts, and food services, particularly in cities and historic trade centers. Many families operate micro-enterprises like tailoring, welding, and spice retailing. However, limited access to financial resources and formal employment opportunities remains a barrier, especially in rural districts like Sirohi and Banswara.

In terms of education, literacy rates among Muslims are lower than the state average, with a wider gender gap in rural belts. Still, areas like Jaipur, Ajmer, and Kota have seen growing participation in schooling, supported by government welfare programs, scholarship schemes, and community-run institutions. While progress is visible in urban settings, challenges persist in backward regions, where infrastructure and targeted outreach are still catching up.

Rajasthan has a large and unevenly distributed Muslim population, with some districts showing notable concentrations. Jaipur leads with approximately 687,000 Muslims, followed by Alwar (547,000), Nagaur (454,000), and Jodhpur (411,000). Urban districts like Ajmer (314,000), Bharatpur (371,000), and Kota (244,000) also have significant Muslim populations, reflecting a strong presence in city-based commerce, religious institutions, and local industries.

The community is actively involved in textiles, trade, food services, and crafts, though gaps persist in education, infrastructure, and housing access in rural areas.

In Rajasthan, the proportion of Muslims varies widely by district. Jaisalmer has the highest percentage, with 25.10% of its population identifying as Muslim, followed by Alwar (14.90%), Bharatpur (14.57%), and Nagaur (13.74%). Other notable districts include Kota (12.51%), Ajmer, and Jaipur, where Muslims form an integral part of urban life. These regions feature active Muslim neighborhoods with mosques, religious schools, and vibrant local markets. In both urban and semi-urban areas, Muslims contribute significantly to cultural and economic life.

In Rajasthan, several districts have relatively small Muslim populations. Rajsamand, Sirohi, and Dungarpur each have under 30,000 Muslims, while Banswara, Pratapgarh, and Jhalawar also report lower numbers compared to more urbanized districts. These areas are predominantly tribal or rural, where Hindu and Adivasi communities form the majority.

Muslim communities in such regions are sparse, often centered in specific localities. They maintain religious practices with fewer institutions like mosques or madrasas and are mainly engaged in small-scale trade, labor, and services, contributing modestly to local diversity.

Ganganagar district has a total population of 1,969,168, with Muslims numbering 50,688, which is about 2.57% of the population. The Muslim community here is relatively small but contributes to local trade and agriculture. Urdu and Hindi are commonly spoken languages. Most Muslims live in smaller towns and rural areas, engaged in farming-related activities and local businesses. Despite their smaller numbers, they maintain active religious and cultural practices, supported by mosques and community centers.

Hanumangarh district hosts a Muslim population of 118,673 within a total of 1,774,692 residents, making up 6.69%. The community is more visible here than in Ganganagar, with many involved in trade, textiles, and small industries. Urdu and Hindi are spoken widely, and the presence of mosques and madrasas contributes to a strong religious and cultural identity. The Muslims of Hanumangarh participate actively in local commerce and educational pursuits.

Bikaner district has a total population of 2,363,937, of which 235,741 are Muslims, accounting for 9.97%. The Muslim community is largely concentrated in Bikaner city and nearby towns, engaging in crafts, leatherwork, and trade. Urdu and Hindi are the main languages, and many community members run small businesses in retail and wholesale sectors. The rich Islamic cultural heritage is visible in the architecture, religious institutions, and festivals celebrated across the district.

Churu district includes 249,736 Muslims among its 2,039,547 residents, representing 12.24%. The Muslim population is distributed across urban and rural centers, active in agriculture, transport, and small manufacturing. Languages like Urdu, Hindi, and Marwari are common. Educational institutions, including madrasas, support religious and secular learning. Muslims contribute to local markets, especially in meat, grain, and craft sectors, forming an important part of the district’s economy.

Jhunjhunu district has a Muslim population of 228,178 out of 2,137,045, equating to 10.68%. The community is predominantly urban, living in Jhunjhunu city and surrounding towns. Occupations range from embroidery and construction to trade. Urdu and Hindi are prevalent, and there is a notable emphasis on education through both modern schools and traditional madrasas. The district’s Muslim community is culturally vibrant and maintains a strong presence in social and economic spheres.

Alwar district counts 547,335 Muslims within a population of 3,674,179, making up 14.90%. The district is known for its diverse Muslim population, which is involved in agriculture, trade, and education. Urban centers like Alwar city host significant Muslim neighborhoods with mosques, schools, and cultural centers. Urdu and Hindi are the primary languages. The community actively participates in commerce and religious life, contributing richly to the district’s social fabric.

Bharatpur district has 371,286 Muslims in a total population of 2,548,462, amounting to 14.57%. The Muslim community here is engaged in agriculture, retail, and services, with many living in Bharatpur city and surrounding towns. Urdu, Hindi, and Braj dialects are spoken. Cultural activities and religious institutions play a vital role in community cohesion. Muslims contribute to the district’s economy through trade, food industries, and education.

Dhaulpur district comprises 72,258 Muslims among 1,206,516 people, which is 5.99%. The Muslim community in Dhaulpur is relatively small and primarily involved in agriculture and local trades. Urdu and Hindi are the main languages. Religious and cultural life is sustained through mosques and madrasas, while economic participation centers around small businesses and agricultural support services.

Karauli district has a Muslim population of 81,553 within 1,458,248 residents, or 5.59%. Muslims in Karauli mainly live in semi-urban and rural areas, participating in agriculture, trade, and craftwork. Urdu and Hindi are commonly used. The community maintains religious traditions and runs educational institutions, contributing to both social stability and the local economy.

Sawai Madhopur district has 155,681 Muslims in a population of 1,335,551, making up 11.66%. Known for Ranthambore National Park, Sawai Madhopur’s Muslim community is engaged in hospitality, crafts, and trade. Urdu and Hindi are widely spoken. Religious centers and cultural festivals reinforce community identity. Despite rural challenges, there is growing access to education and employment opportunities for Muslims here.

Dausa district includes 45,488 Muslims out of 1,634,409 residents, which is 2.78%. The Muslim community is smaller here and concentrated mostly in towns, participating in trade, services, and agriculture. Urdu and Hindi are spoken, and mosques and madrasas form the core of religious life. Economic activities are often small-scale, and the community works to improve educational and social outcomes.

Jaipur district has a Muslim population of 687,452 out of 6,626,178, making 10.37%. Jaipur city, the state capital, has a large and diverse Muslim population involved in trade, education, and government services. Urdu, Hindi, and Rajasthani dialects are spoken widely. The community is culturally vibrant, with many mosques, madrasas, and Muslim-owned businesses shaping urban life. Educational attainment is growing, supported by numerous minority institutions.

Sikar district has 327,583 Muslims among 2,677,333 residents, or 12.24%. Muslims in Sikar mostly live in urban areas like Sikar city and smaller towns, engaged in tailoring, retail, and transport services. Urdu and Hindi are prevalent, and the community supports numerous religious and educational institutions. Economic participation is growing alongside efforts to improve literacy and vocational training.

Nagaur district includes 454,487 Muslims out of 3,307,743 residents, amounting to 13.74%. The Muslim population is spread across urban and rural areas, with strong involvement in agriculture, animal husbandry, and local businesses. Urdu and Hindi are spoken alongside local dialects. The community maintains active religious and cultural institutions, which support both social services and economic development.

Jodhpur district has 411,558 Muslims among 3,687,165 residents, making up 11.16%. Jodhpur city hosts a significant Muslim community active in trade, education, and crafts such as weaving and leatherwork. Urdu, Hindi, and Marwari are widely spoken. The community has well-established mosques, schools, and cultural organizations that enrich the district’s heritage and economy.

Jaisalmer district is unique with 168,129 Muslims out of 669,919 residents, which is 25.10%, one of the highest Muslim percentages in Rajasthan. The community is concentrated in Jaisalmer city and desert border villages, involved in trade, handicrafts, and camel husbandry. Urdu, Sindhi, and Marwari are commonly spoken. Despite geographic challenges, the Muslim community here remains culturally distinct and economically active.

Barmer district has a total population of 2,603,751, with Muslims numbering 321,192, making up 12.34% of the population. The Muslim community in Barmer is mainly concentrated in the town and nearby villages. They are actively involved in trade, animal husbandry, and traditional crafts such as embroidery and textile work. Urdu and Rajasthani dialects are widely spoken. Despite the desert environment, the community maintains vibrant religious and cultural institutions, contributing significantly to the social and economic life of the district.

Jalore district has a Muslim population of 78,990 out of a total population of 1,828,730, which is approximately 4.32%. The Muslim community here is mostly rural and engaged in agriculture, small-scale trade, and local crafts. Urdu and Hindi are commonly spoken, and mosques and madrasas provide cultural and religious support. Though smaller in proportion compared to other districts, Muslims in Jalore contribute steadily to the district’s diverse economy and social fabric.

Sirohi district counts 30,479 Muslims in a population of 1,036,346, representing 2.94%. The Muslim population is small and largely rural, living in scattered communities. Their economic activities include agriculture, livestock rearing, and small business operations. Urdu and local dialects are spoken, and religious life centers around mosques and community gatherings. Despite their modest numbers, Muslims in Sirohi maintain cultural traditions and participate actively in local social life.

Pali district has a total population of 2,037,573 with Muslims numbering 143,476, which is about 7.04%. The community is largely urban, residing in Pali town and surrounding areas. Muslims here are involved in textile industries, retail trade, and transport services. Urdu and Hindi are the principal languages. The district’s Muslim community maintains religious schools and cultural organizations, contributing both economically and socially to Pali’s development.

Ajmer district includes 314,159 Muslims among 2,583,052 residents, making up 12.16%. Ajmer city is a major cultural and religious hub, famous for the Ajmer Sharif Dargah, attracting Muslims from across India. The local Muslim community is deeply involved in religious tourism, trade, education, and handicrafts. Urdu and Hindi are widely spoken. The district’s Muslim population plays a crucial role in sustaining the spiritual and economic vibrancy of Ajmer.

Tonk district has a Muslim population of 153,146 out of 1,421,326, accounting for 10.77%. Tonk is known for its rich Islamic heritage and has a predominantly Muslim urban population. The community is engaged in trade, education, and cultural activities, with many mosques, madrasas, and literary institutions. Urdu is a common language alongside Hindi and Rajasthani dialects. Tonk’s Muslim community contributes significantly to the district’s historical and economic landscape.

Bundi district has 66,609 Muslims out of 1,110,906 people, making up 6.00%. The Muslim population in Bundi is mostly urban, involved in retail, traditional crafts, and service sectors. Urdu and Hindi are commonly spoken languages. Religious and cultural institutions play an important role in community life, supporting education and social welfare activities. The Muslim community adds to Bundi’s rich cultural mosaic and economic diversity.

Bhilwara district comprises 142,427 Muslims within a total population of 2,408,523, representing 5.91%. Bhilwara’s Muslim population is active in textile manufacturing, trade, and small businesses. Urdu and Hindi are common languages, and mosques and madrasas are central to religious and educational life. Despite being a minority, Muslims in Bhilwara have a visible presence in economic and social sectors, contributing to the district’s overall development.

Rajsamand district has a Muslim population of 33,677 in 1,156,597 residents, about 2.91%. The community is smaller and predominantly rural, engaged in agriculture, trade, and local services. Urdu and Hindi are spoken. Muslims maintain religious practices and community networks through mosques and madrasas. Their participation in local economies, though limited by numbers, remains vital in supporting cultural diversity in Rajsamand.

Dungarpur district counts 28,662 Muslims out of 1,388,552 residents, making up 2.06%. The Muslim community here is small and mainly rural, living alongside tribal populations. They are involved in agriculture, small-scale trade, and labor. Urdu and Hindi are the main languages. Religious life is centered around mosques and community events, with Muslims contributing to the district’s social fabric and cultural pluralism despite their limited numbers.

Banswara district has 48,834 Muslims among 1,797,485 people, or 2.72%. The Muslim population is relatively small and dispersed in rural areas, primarily engaged in farming and local trades. Urdu and Hindi are spoken alongside tribal dialects. The community maintains religious traditions through mosques and occasional festivals. Despite their small size, Muslims in Banswara enrich the cultural and economic life of the district.

Chittorgarh district includes 97,855 Muslims out of 1,544,338 residents, about 6.34%. The Muslim community is moderately sized and urban-centered, participating in trade, construction, and services. Urdu and Hindi are commonly used. Religious institutions like mosques and madrasas support cultural and educational needs. The community contributes actively to the district’s economy and maintains a visible presence in social life.

Kota district has 243,993 Muslims within a total population of 1,951,014, accounting for 12.51%. Kota city’s Muslim community is vibrant and economically active, engaged in education, commerce, textiles, and food industries. Urdu, Hindi, and local dialects are spoken widely. The district has many mosques and Islamic schools that reinforce religious and cultural identity. Muslims in Kota play an important role in the city’s commercial and educational development.

Baran district includes 79,984 Muslims out of 1,222,755 people, or 6.54%. The Muslim community here is mostly rural, involved in agriculture, animal husbandry, and small business activities. Urdu and Hindi are spoken, and mosques provide religious support. The community participates in local trade and markets and contributes to the cultural diversity of the district.

Jhalawar district has 96,164 Muslims among 1,411,129 residents, making up 6.81%. Muslims in Jhalawar are largely involved in agriculture, retail trade, and craftsmanship. Urdu and Hindi are widely spoken. The community supports religious education and cultural activities through mosques and madrasas. Their contributions to the local economy and social life are integral to the district’s overall development.

Udaipur district counts 104,307 Muslims out of 3,068,420 residents, which is 3.40%. The Muslim population is mainly urban and semi-urban, engaged in trade, crafts, and service sectors. Urdu and Hindi are common languages. Mosques and community centers help preserve religious and cultural identity. Despite being a smaller percentage, Muslims in Udaipur contribute meaningfully to the district’s economic and cultural landscape.

Pratapgarh district has 25,597 Muslims among 867,848 people, or 2.95%. The Muslim community is small and mostly rural, with involvement in agriculture and local trade. Urdu and Hindi are spoken. Religious institutions, although fewer, provide community support. Muslims in Pratapgarh play a modest but important role in the social and cultural fabric of the district.

Muslim Population of Rajasthan by its Districts dataset Census 2011

Madhya Pradesh, a large and centrally located state in India, has a significant and regionally varied Muslim population—approximately 4.77 million people, comprising 6.57% of the total population, as per the 2011 Census of India^[8]. Muslims are unevenly distributed, with higher concentrations in urban districts such as Bhopal (22.16%), Ujjain (11.73%), Shajapur (13.96%), Indore (12.67%), and Dewas (11.14%), as well as in parts of western Madhya Pradesh like Mandsaur (9.37%) and Ratlam (10.38%).

The Muslim community in Madhya Pradesh is predominantly Sunni, with a modest presence of Shia populations in urban centers. Urdu is widely spoken within the community, alongside Hindi and local dialects like Malwi, Bundeli, and Nimadi, reflecting the linguistic diversity of the state. The historical legacy of Muslim rule during the Mughal and Nawabi periods has influenced architecture, cuisine, and Sufi practices, especially in cities like Bhopal, which was once a princely state under Muslim rulers^[9].

Economically, Muslims in Madhya Pradesh are active in trades such as textiles, footwear, metalwork, and food services. Many run small retail outlets, repair shops, and traditional craft businesses. However, the community also faces challenges related to poverty, limited access to capital, and underrepresentation in formal employment sectors. Disparities are more visible in smaller towns and rural areas, where infrastructure and access to education remain limited.

In terms of education, the Muslim literacy rate in the state (70.3%) is below the state average (69.3% male and 56.1% female for Muslims), but cities like Bhopal and Indore have seen progress due to the rise of minority-focused schools, scholarship programs, and educational NGOs. Efforts to improve outcomes for Muslim youth—especially girls and first-generation learners—are slowly gaining ground through targeted government schemes and community initiatives ^[10].

Madhya Pradesh has a sizable and regionally varied Muslim population spread across urban and rural districts. According to the 2011 Census, Bhopal has the highest number of Muslims in the state—463,000, making up 22.16% of the district’s population. Indore follows with around 374,000 Muslims (12.67%), while Ujjain has approximately 232,000 Muslims (11.73%). Other districts with significant Muslim populations include Shajapur (156,000, 13.96%), Dewas (164,000, 11.14%), Ratlam (156,000, 10.38%), and Mandsaur (147,000, 9.37%).

These urban centers have visible and active Muslim communities engaged in retail, skilled trades, education, religious services, and food industries. In places like Bhopal and Indore, mosques, madrasas, and Muslim-owned shops are integral parts of the urban landscape. The community contributes meaningfully to both cultural heritage and the economy.

However, challenges remain, especially in educational attainment, employment opportunities, and housing access. Despite these issues, Muslims in Madhya Pradesh continue to play a vital role in shaping the state’s social and economic fabric.

In Madhya Pradesh, the percentage of Muslims differs greatly from one district to another. Bhopal has the highest proportion, with 22.16% of its population being Muslim, making it the most Muslim-majority district in the state. It is followed by Shajapur (13.96%), Indore (12.67%), Ujjain (11.73%), and Dewas (11.14%)—all urban or semi-urban centers with a rich Islamic cultural presence. Burhanpur (10.50%) and Ratlam (10.38%) also show significant Muslim shares.

These areas are known for active Muslim participation in commerce, religious education, food industries, and service sectors. Cities like Bhopal and Indore have dense Muslim neighborhoods with mosques, madrasas, tailoring businesses, and Halal meat markets as key community features.

Rural districts like Mandsaur (9.37%) and Khandwa (8.97%) also have sizable Muslim populations. While urban centers show higher percentages, Muslims in Madhya Pradesh contribute meaningfully to both economic activity and social diversity, especially in top-percentage districts.

In Madhya Pradesh, some districts have a much smaller Muslim population compared to others. Anuppur has the lowest percentage, with just 1.56% of its population identifying as Muslim. This is followed by Umaria (1.75%), Sidhi (1.83%), and Singrauli (2.03%). Other low-percentage districts include Dindori (2.26%), Shahdol (2.29%), and Mandla (2.43%). These districts are largely tribal or forested regions in eastern Madhya Pradesh, where Hindu and Adivasi communities form the majority.

Muslim communities in these areas are small and often concentrated in limited pockets. There are fewer mosques, madrasas, or Muslim-run institutions, but the community still maintains its religious and cultural practices. Economically, many Muslims here are involved in small-scale retail, manual work, or service industries, often integrated into local markets. Despite their smaller numbers, they remain active in local economic and religious life, contributing to the diversity of the state’s social fabric.

1. Bhopal

Bhopal district has a Muslim population of around 525,434, accounting for 22.16% of its total 2,371,061 residents. Urdu and Hindi are commonly spoken in the community, with many also understanding Marathi due to local influences. The Muslim community is a vital part of Bhopal’s economic life, active in trade, education, and local governance. Given its strong institutional base, further growth and cultural visibility are expected in the urban and peri‑urban zones.

2. Indore

Indore hosts about 415,142 Muslims, making up 12.67% of a total of 3,276,697 people. The predominant languages are Hindi and Urdu, with dialects like Malwi in informal settings. Muslims in Indore are prominent in textiles, retail, and education. The community benefits from urban infrastructure, thriving madrasa networks, and emerging youth-led enterprises. Continued growth is likely as educational attainment and economic participation expand.

3. Ujjain

In Ujjain, 233,133 Muslims constitute 11.73% of a 1,986,864 population. Urdu and Hindi are widely spoken, along with regional Nimadi dialects. The Muslim presence here centers on small businesses, religious tourism services, and educational initiatives. With Ujjain’s cultural heritage and growing connectivity, the community’s economic role is gradually rising—especially through hospitality and schooling linked to pilgrimage and local tourism.

4. Shajapur

Shajapur district includes 131,440 Muslims, about 13.96% of its 941,403 population. Hindi and Urdu are widely used, while local Malwi dialects feature in daily life. Muslim residents engage primarily in agriculture support services, small trade, and food processing. Despite being rural-dominant, improved access to education and vocational training is enabling moderate community uplift—particularly among younger generations looking for non-farming livelihood options.

5. Dewas

Dewas has 174,259 Muslims, representing 11.14% of its 1,563,715 residents. The community typically uses Hindi and Urdu, with occasional Nimadi usage. Muslims in Dewas are active in commerce, transport services, and education. Emerging small enterprises and community-run schools have begun boosting socio-economic outcomes. Continued improvements in literacy and market access point towards steady demographic and cultural engagement in urban and rural zones alike.

6. Ratlam

Ratlam district features 151,071 Muslims, which is 10.38% of a 1,455,069 population. Urdu and Hindi are common; Nimadi and Malwi dialects are also heard. The Muslim community is engaged in trade, agriculture-related commerce, and small manufacturing. Connectivity to neighboring Gujarat aids remittances and technical skills exchange. This cross-border exposure supports gradual growth in education and upward mobility among younger residents.

7. Mandsaur

Mandsaur counts 125,548 Muslims, comprising 9.37% of a 1,340,411 population. Hindi and Urdu are the main languages, with occasional Malwi dialect use. Muslim community members work in seed trade, agriculture services, retail, and education. Expansion of community schools and vocational centers is helping bridge gaps. Young people are increasingly entering skilled trades and transport sectors, indicating growth in both employment and enterprise.

8. Neemuch

Neemuch has 67,324 Muslims, making up 8.15% of its 826,067 population. Urdu and Hindi are primary; Malwi dialects appear in casual use. Muslims in Neemuch participate in transport, agriculture markets, and small businesses. The presence of military and trade infrastructure offers opportunities. Youth engagement in education and coaching centers is rising, bolstering prospects for better economic participation and social integration in coming years.

9. Vidisha

Vidisha district has 149,548 Muslims, accounting for 10.25% of its 1,458,875 population. Urdu and Hindi are commonly used; Bundeli dialects are also prevalent. Muslim residents contribute through trade, retail, and religious education. The proximity to Vidisha’s historic and archaeological sites supports tourism-related opportunities. Expanding access to schooling and small business credit indicates gradual socio-economic advancement for the Muslim community.

10. Sagar

Sagar district comprises 103,480 Muslims, or 4.35% of its 2,378,458 population. Urdu and Hindi remain familiar, with Bundeli dialects frequently used. Muslims here engage in service work, education support, and local retail sectors. The smaller percentage limits institutional presence, but community-led madrasas, minority scholarships, and urban migration have begun improving involvement—especially among Sagar town’s Muslim youth.

11. Rewa

Rewa district has 76,154 Muslims, comprising 3.52% of its total 2,163,676 population. Hindi and Urdu are common, with Bagheli dialects used informally. Muslims here primarily engage in small retail businesses, teaching, and skilled trades. Educational infrastructure is modest, though increasing access to scholarships and online resources is encouraging youth participation. Rewa’s urbanizing landscape may enable better opportunities, but disparities between urban and rural areas persist for the community.

12. Satna

Satna has a Muslim population of 62,976, making up 3.78% of 1,665,824 people. Urdu, Hindi, and Bagheli are widely spoken. Muslims contribute to construction, transportation, and local trade sectors. In Satna town, mosques and community-run schools are focal points for cultural identity. Despite the small percentage, community ties remain strong, and digital literacy among youth is improving educational outcomes slowly. Migration to urban centers is also a growing trend.

13. Jabalpur

Jabalpur’s Muslim population is 268,947, or 11.29% of its 2,381,259 total. Urdu and Hindi are prevalent, and the district is home to well-established Muslim neighborhoods. The community is visible in wholesale markets, education, transport services, and skilled employment. Jabalpur’s strong infrastructure enables better schooling and healthcare access, though challenges remain in housing and employment equity. With rising urban development, Muslims are likely to gain more space in professional sectors.

14. Katni

Katni district has 99,399 Muslims, comprising 10.56% of a 941,185 population. Urdu and Hindi dominate linguistically. Muslims here are engaged in mining-related labor, textile production, and petty trade. With a relatively high share, the community supports many madrasas and community-run institutions. Economic development, especially in semi-urban areas, suggests potential for better literacy and vocational skills uptake, although caste and class stratifications remain a challenge.

15. Narsinghpur

In Narsinghpur, 69,591 Muslims account for 8.52% of the 817,527 population. The community uses Hindi and Urdu, with pockets using regional dialects. Muslims are active in agriculture markets, small-scale manufacturing, and transport. While rural settings dominate, initiatives for education, especially for girls, are gradually expanding. Social cohesion and inter-community trade remain strong, supporting overall stability. Internet penetration is opening new paths for youth in e-commerce and tech support.

16. Chhindwara

Chhindwara has 86,443 Muslims, representing 5.19% of 1,664,345 residents. Hindi and Urdu are spoken, with Gondi and other tribal languages present. Muslims work in trade, educational services, and small retail. Tribal-majority zones lead to cultural integration in festivals and markets. There is room for improved educational access, especially in forest-fringe villages. As tribal literacy rises, Muslim youth may benefit from joint educational programs and tech initiatives.

17. Seon

Seoni has a Muslim population of 61,249, or 6.69% of its 915,790 total. Urdu and Hindi are the primary languages, with some Marathi influence. The community is involved in agricultural labor, mechanics, and retail. While religious institutions are well-established, government support programs are still underutilized. As tourism and transport services expand in Seoni (especially near Pench), there may be greater job opportunities for the younger generation.

18. Balaghat

Balaghat hosts 57,264 Muslims, making up 4.49% of 1,275,427 people. Urdu and Hindi are common, with some tribal and Marathi dialect presence. Muslims in Balaghat are active in transport, hardware trade, and small-scale agriculture. Urban centers like Waraseoni show promise in education and retail enterprise. However, connectivity and health infrastructure gaps slow broader economic progress. The community’s cohesion and religious engagement remain strong.

19. Betul

Betul has 75,947 Muslims, which is 5.69% of its 1,334,028 population. Predominantly Hindi and Urdu speaking, Betul Muslims also encounter Gondi and Marathi in mixed communities. Many are employed in transport services, construction, and education. The rise of local madrasas and coaching centers shows an encouraging trend toward better literacy. Remittances from those working in other states help uplift families back home, though rural Muslims still face barriers in healthcare and digital access.

20. Hoshangabad (now Narmadapuram)

Hoshangabad houses 89,693 Muslims, representing 6.76% of its 1,327,108 residents. Urdu, Hindi, and Bundelkhandi are used across the district. Muslim livelihoods span small manufacturing, transport, and government jobs in urban centers. Educational attainment is modest but improving. With Narmada River access and increasing tourism, economic activities are diversifying. Programs encouraging minority education are slowly gaining traction, though outreach remains uneven in rural belts.

21. Raisen

Raisen district has 63,608 Muslims, accounting for 6.48% of its 981,445 population. Urdu and Hindi are the dominant languages, with Muslim communities concentrated around Raisen and Begumganj. Many engage in textile trading, transport services, and food businesses. Education is expanding slowly, aided by religious institutions offering secular subjects. Raisen’s proximity to Bhopal offers exposure to higher education and employment, which may support a gradual shift toward white-collar jobs in the next decade.

22. Rajgarh

Rajgarh’s Muslim population stands at 41,163 (3.72%) of 1,107,236 people. Urdu and Hindi are commonly spoken, and the community is active in tailoring, grain trade, and small enterprises. Educational levels are relatively low but improving with access to scholarships and NGO programs. Urban migration is increasing, with youth seeking education in Bhopal and Indore. Culturally, Muslim and Hindu communities coexist peacefully, and religious events often see inter-community participation.

23. Vidisha

Vidisha has 66,789 Muslims, forming 6.41% of its 1,042,003 population. Hindi and Urdu dominate, with local dialects like Bundelkhandi present in rural areas. Muslims here run footwear shops, tea stalls, and educational services. Mosques and madrasas are central to community life, while vocational education is on the rise. Vidisha’s historical legacy boosts tourism, and Muslim youth increasingly seek training in hospitality and digital services. The district shows gradual socioeconomic mobility.

24. Bhopal

Bhopal is a major Muslim hub in Madhya Pradesh, with 692,547 Muslims, comprising 26.28% of 2,635,194 residents. Urdu is widely spoken alongside Hindi, and the community has a vibrant presence in administration, education, and entrepreneurship. Bhopal’s historic role as a princely Muslim state shapes its architecture, festivals, and cuisine. Muslim institutions include colleges, hospitals, and NGOs. While Bhopal offers higher literacy and employment than most districts, disparities still exist in housing and urban planning.

25. Sehore

Sehore is home to 92,860 Muslims, about 7.88% of the 1,179,352 population. The community is engaged in farming, masonry, and religious education. Urdu and Hindi are widely spoken. Proximity to Bhopal positively influences Sehore’s youth, who increasingly enroll in private schools and vocational centers. Access to health and digital services remains patchy in rural zones. However, Sehore’s cultural harmony and emerging institutions suggest growing educational and employment opportunities for Muslim residents.

26. Dewas

Dewas has 94,090 Muslims, forming 6.83% of its 1,377,614 population. Urdu, Hindi, and Malwi dialects are common. Muslims here are active in brick kilns, warehousing, transport, and retail. Dewas city shows a gradual shift toward educational pursuits and modern livelihoods. NGOs and local initiatives focus on girl-child education and healthcare. Despite modest challenges in infrastructure, the district shows signs of improving social mobility, especially in semi-urban centers.

27. Shajapur

Shajapur hosts 70,391 Muslims, or 6.42% of 1,096,420 people. Hindi and Urdu are dominant. The community operates small businesses, repair workshops, and kirana shops. While literacy is below state average, religious and public schools are expanding in towns like Shajapur and Maksi. Urban youth are moving toward digital services and mobile retail. Community relations are largely peaceful, with shared participation in markets and festivals. Development remains uneven but promising.

28. Ujjain

Ujjain has 128,079 Muslims, making up 9.87% of its 1,297,968 population. A historical pilgrimage city, Ujjain supports Urdu, Hindi, and local Malwi dialects. Muslims here contribute to handicrafts, retail, and food service sectors. Educational institutions run by the community have seen an uptick in enrollment. Interfaith harmony is vital in this religiously significant city. The district’s tourism economy provides future avenues for Muslim youth, especially in hospitality and tech support.

29. Ratlam

Ratlam has 144,598 Muslims, or 14.01% of 1,031,521 residents—among the highest in the state. Urdu and Hindi are widely used. Muslims have a strong presence in the perfume, metalwork, and textile industries. The district shows better-than-average literacy among Muslims, especially in urban wards. Community schools and coaching centers cater to students preparing for competitive exams. Ratlam’s economic outlook is favorable, and Muslims are likely to play a growing role in education and business.

30. Neemuch

Neemuch’s Muslim population stands at 51,462, about 7.62% of 675,895 people. Urdu and Hindi are the primary languages, with local influence from Rajasthani dialects. The community is active in transport, herbal medicine, and hardware retail. Education initiatives are gradually spreading in semi-urban zones. Neemuch’s small-town atmosphere supports cohesive living, and recent improvements in roads and internet connectivity have opened up online business opportunities for younger Muslims.

31. Mandsaur

Mandsaur has 75,495 Muslims, forming 7.66% of its 985,429 population. Urdu and Hindi are widely spoken, with traces of Malwi dialects. Muslims in the region are involved in the opium trade (a licensed crop), garment businesses, and transportation. Educationally, urban centers like Mandsaur city offer greater opportunities, though rural areas still lack access. The district is expected to see a steady rise in small-scale enterprises run by younger, more tech-aware Muslim entrepreneurs.

32. Dhar

Dhar has a sizeable Muslim population of 134,801, about 8.78% of its 1,535,374 people. Urdu and Hindi are the main languages, coexisting with Bhili dialects due to a large tribal presence. Muslims here are engaged in construction, trading, and livestock rearing. Educational growth is moderate, driven by NGO-run schools and madrasa reforms. With rising urbanization in Dhar town, the community may see improved access to digital literacy and employment in services over the next decade.

33. Indore

Indore, a major urban center, has 411,391 Muslims, accounting for 13.38% of its 3,072,408 population. Urdu and Hindi are dominant, with English exposure in urban schools. Muslims in Indore are visible across hospitality, IT services, and retail businesses. Many Muslim youth pursue higher education in engineering and commerce. Indore’s expanding tech ecosystem and cosmopolitan culture make it one of the most promising areas for Muslim socioeconomic mobility in the state.

34. West Nimar (Khargone)

West Nimar (Khargone) has 132,949 Muslims, which is 8.56% of its 1,553,149 population. Urdu and Hindi are spoken, alongside Nimadi dialects. The community is active in agriculture, especially cotton and chili farming, and transport services. Despite limited urban centers, education is improving through private initiatives. Economic migration to Indore and Maharashtra is common. If infrastructure improves, Khargone’s Muslim youth may shift from labor to entrepreneurship in the near future.

35. Barwani

Barwani has 44,709 Muslims, comprising 4.26% of its 1,050,170 residents. Urdu and local tribal dialects blend with Hindi in everyday communication. Muslims work in grain trade, construction, and carpentry. The district’s rugged terrain and tribal majority make outreach difficult, but education efforts are increasing in towns like Sendhwa. Access to mobile networks and vocational training may improve conditions, especially for youth, if sustained policy focus continues.

36. East Nimar (Khandwa)

East Nimar has 99,931 Muslims, around 8.79% of its 1,137,736 population. Urdu and Hindi are common, along with Nimadi dialects. Muslims are involved in mechanical workshops, agriculture, and retail. Khandwa town acts as an educational center, with increasing school enrollments and skill programs. Community efforts in literacy, especially for girls, are helping bridge educational gaps. The district shows potential for inclusive growth through small businesses and digital services.

37. Burhanpur

Burhanpur has 178,931 Muslims, or 37.30% of its 479,092 population—the highest Muslim percentage in Madhya Pradesh. A historically significant city, it has rich Mughal architecture and a deep Urdu literary culture. The community is active in handloom, tailoring, and food industries. Burhanpur’s religious and cultural prominence boosts tourism. With high literacy and business activity, the district is expected to remain a stronghold of Muslim heritage and entrepreneurship.

38. Anuppur

Anuppur has 22,054 Muslims, making up 3.51% of its 627,167 population. Urdu and Hindi are used, and Gondi tribal dialects dominate in rural areas. Muslims are mainly involved in small businesses, poultry, and mechanical repairs. The district lacks major urban hubs, which limits access to advanced education. However, railway connectivity and coal-based industries may provide vocational job opportunities for Muslim youth in the future.

39. Dindori

Dindori has 10,377 Muslims, comprising 2.04% of the 509,654 population. It’s one of the least urbanized districts in MP, and Muslims live in scattered settlements. They work in carpentry, tailoring, and basic commerce. Hindi and Urdu are spoken, alongside Gondi. Educational infrastructure is limited, but religious institutions are filling the gap in early education. Future development depends on improving roads, electricity, and school access, which could raise overall literacy and economic participation.

40. Alirajpur

Alirajpur has 13,676 Muslims, just 2.00% of its 683,756 people. The tribal population dominates, and Bhili dialects are widespread. Muslims run small grocery stores, mobile repair shops, and are involved in the weekly haat (market) economy. Hindi and Urdu are spoken mainly in the district center. School attendance is low, but digital services are beginning to reach even remote villages. Economic inclusion remains slow, but mobile penetration could improve access to education and finance.

41. Jhabua

Jhabua has 28,110 Muslims, forming 3.22% of its 872,861 population. Predominantly tribal, the district speaks Bhili and Hindi. Muslims in Jhabua are engaged in small businesses, tailoring, and bicycle repair shops. Education is slowly improving, but dropout rates are high, especially in tribal areas. Digital education tools and NGO interventions are beginning to bridge gaps. Economic mobility is limited but may improve with expanding access to mobile banking and government welfare schemes.

42. Shajapur

Shajapur has 70,152 Muslims, accounting for 8.18% of the 857,748 population. Urdu and Hindi are common, and the community is primarily involved in textile trade, agriculture, and retail. Muslims here often run local kirana stores and tailoring units. Shajapur town has schools and madrasas supporting basic education. Over time, enhanced access to vocational and digital education is expected to broaden employment avenues, especially for youth and women.

43. Dewas

Dewas has 105,989 Muslims, or 8.09% of 1,310,296 residents. Urdu and Hindi dominate, with strong community hubs in Dewas city. Muslims work in transport, warehousing, and textiles. Dewas has industrial zones that attract migrant Muslim labor. Education is on the rise with a mix of government and private schools. The district shows potential for growth in retail logistics and IT-enabled services, which could offer more opportunities for Muslim youth.

44. Tikamgarh

Tikamgarh has 33,091 Muslims, comprising 3.32% of its 997,159 population. Urdu and Bundeli are spoken along with Hindi. The Muslim community here is involved in livestock trading, small workshops, and agriculture. Urban centers like Tikamgarh town are improving in terms of schools and healthcare, but rural access is still poor. Traditional skills like metalwork and embroidery could support entrepreneurship with proper training and digital exposure.

45. Chhatarpur

Chhatarpur has 50,351 Muslims, about 4.28% of the 1,175,681 population. Urdu and Bundelkhandi Hindi are commonly spoken. Muslims are engaged in transport, welding, and agricultural services. Religious education is prominent, but formal literacy remains uneven. Connectivity to tourist centers like Khajuraho may boost demand for hospitality and services, which could increase job opportunities for Muslim workers in the long term.

46. Panna

Panna has 28,186 Muslims, making up 4.53% of its 622,606 population. Known for its diamond mines, Panna sees Muslims employed in gem-cutting, trade, and manual labor. Hindi and Urdu are prevalent, with some Bundeli influence. The community values education, and urban areas are witnessing rising school enrollments. With eco-tourism and mining reforms expanding, Muslims may find new economic spaces in crafts, hospitality, and transport.

47. Ashoknagar

Ashoknagar has 43,153 Muslims, accounting for 6.89% of 625,979 people. Urdu, Hindi, and Bundeli are spoken. Muslims are mainly involved in farming, transport services, and running provision stores. Educational efforts have improved in towns like Ashoknagar city, though rural penetration is limited. Youth-focused programs and digital skilling could lift long-term prospects, especially for girls and first-generation learners.

48. Singrauli

Singrauli has 39,161 Muslims, or 3.89% of the 1,005,583 population. A hub for coal mining and energy production, it draws Muslim labor from other districts. Hindi and Urdu are spoken in the industrial areas. Most Muslims are engaged in contract work, catering, or vehicle repair. As Singrauli urbanizes further, opportunities in support industries—logistics, IT repair, and food—may expand. Education levels are modest but improving through community initiatives.

49. Narsinghpur

Narsinghpur has 60,535 Muslims, comprising 6.41% of its 943,023 population. Urdu and Hindi are spoken in towns, while rural areas speak localized dialects. Muslims work in agriculture, dairy, and trade. The district has decent school infrastructure and strong railway connectivity. With government schemes and better rural electrification, the community is expected to benefit from expanded digital learning and market access.

50. Neemuch

Neemuch is home to 71,984 Muslims, around 10.28% of 700,706 people. Urdu and Hindi are common languages. The Muslim community is active in opium agriculture (under license), textiles, and animal husbandry. Neemuch town hosts madrasas and private schools, helping boost literacy. The upcoming freight corridor may improve trade logistics and benefit local Muslim businesses in the years ahead.

51. Agar Malwa

Agar Malwa has 38,699 Muslims, making up 7.29% of the 530,815 population. Urdu and Malwi Hindi are prevalent. Muslims run small grocery shops, auto repair garages, and trade in grains and textiles. The education system is moderate, with many students attending schools in nearby Ujjain. With greater government focus on infrastructure and road connectivity, the district could see increased micro-entrepreneurship and digital inclusion among the Muslim community.

Muslim Population of Madhya Pradesh by its Districts dataset Census 2011